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(Lf .<&, jUxl,*v 

TREATY 

CONCERNING THE CESSION 

OF THE 

RUSSIAN POSSESSIONS IN NORTH AMERICA 

BY 

HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF ALL THE RUSSIAS 

TO 

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 


CONCLUDED MARCH 30, 1667. 

RATIFIED BY THE UNITED STATES MAY *36, 1667. 
EXCHANGED JUNE 20, 1867. 

PROCLAIMED BY THE UNITED STATES JUNE 20, 1667. 














PREFACE 


In 1867 the United States purchased from Russia for a trifling sum of 
money the vast territory of Alaska. This was the end of more than half a 
century of territorial expansion which had seen the acquisition of Louisi¬ 
ana, Florida, Texas, Oregon, and California. But the addition of this vast 
new territory did not greatly excite the American public. Indeed, except 
for some derisive comments in the press about “Seward’s Icebox,” it was 
pretty much ignored. Americans were already turning from the agricul¬ 
tural to the technological frontier, and opportunities for the ambitious 
young man seemed to lie in the factories at home rather than in the Alaskan 
wilderness. 

For nearly three quarters of a century Alaska was largely forgotten 
by Americans. Its strategic importance in World War/II and the subse¬ 
quent cold war brought it back to public attention. Now also a technology 
mm was available to cope with its vastness, for Alaska is the frontier of the 

airplane, not the covered wagon. Today the adventurous and the young at 
heart are turning in ever increasing numbers to this last American frontier. 
And so it seems appropriate to celebrate the centennial of the Alaska pur¬ 
chase with this facsimile of the limited official edition of the original Treaty 
• of Cession. 


A.H. 


BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
A PROCLAMATION. 

Whereas a treaty between the United States of America and his 
Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias was concluded and signed by their 
respective plenipotentiaries at the city of Washington, on the thirtieth day 
of March, last, which treaty, being in the English and French languages, is, 
word for word, as follows : 


The United States of America and 
His Majesty the Emperor of all the 
Russias, being desirous of strengthen¬ 
ing, if possible, the good understanding 
which exists between them, have, for 
that purpose, appointed as their Plenipo¬ 
tentiaries: the President of the United 
States, William H. Seward, Secretary 
of State; and His Majesty the Emperor 
of all the Russias, the Privy Counsellor 
Edward de Stoeckl, his Envoy Extraor¬ 
dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to 
the United States. 

And the said Plenipotentiaries, having 
exchanged their full powers, which were 
found to be in due form, have agreed 
upon and signed the following articles: 

Article I. 

His Majesty the Emperor of all the 
Russias agrees to cede to the United 
States, by this eonvention, immediately 
upon the exchange of the ratifications 
thereof, all the territory and dominion 
now possessed by his said Majesty on the 
continent of America and in the adjacent 
islands, the same being contained within 
the geographical limits herein set forth, 
to wit: The eastern limit is the line of 
demarcation between the Russian and 
the British possessions in North America, 
asestablished by the convention between 
Russia and Great Britain, of February 
28-16, 1825, and described in Articles 
III and IY of said convention, in the 
following terms: 


Sa Majeste l’Empereur de toutes les 
Russies et les Etats-Unis d’Araerique, 
desirant raffermir, s’il est possible, la 
bonne intelligence qui existe entre eux, 
ont nomme, a cot effet, pour leurs ple- 
nipotentiaires, savoir: Sa Majeste l’Em- 
pereur de toutes les Russies, le Counseil- 
ler Prive Edouard de Stoeckl, son envoye 
extraordinaire et ministry plenipoten- 
tiaire aux Etats-Unis; et le President 
des Etats-Unis, le Sieur William H. Sew¬ 
ard, Secretaire d’Etat, lesquels, apres 
avoir dchangd leur pleins-pouvoirs, 
trouvds en bonne et due forme, ont 
arrets et signe les articles suivants: 


Article I. 

Sa Majeste l’Empereur de toutes les 
Russies S’engage, par cette convention, 
a ceder aux Etats-Unis, immediatement 
apre l’echange des ratifications, tout le 
Territoire avec droit de souverainetd 
actuellement possdde par Sa Majestd sur 
le continent d’Am^rique ainsi que les 
lies contigites, ledit Territoire etantcom- 
pris dans les limites gdographiques ci- 
dessous indiquees, savoir: la limite ori- 
entale est la ligne de demarcation entre 
les possessions Russes et Britanniques 
dans l’Amerique du Nord, ainsi qu’elle 
est etablie par la convention conclue 
entre la Russie et la Grande-Bretagne, 
le yf ievrier 1825, et ddfinie dans les 
termes suivants des articles III et IY de 
la dite convention: 


4 


4 


“ Commencing from the southernmost 
point of the island called Prince of 
Wales Island, which point lies in the 
parallel of 54 degrees 40 minutes north 
latitude, and between the 131st and the 
133d degree of west longitude, (merid¬ 
ian of Greenwich,) the said line shall 
ascend to the north along the channel 
called Portland channel, as far as the 
point of the continent where it strikes 
the 56th degree of north latitude; from 
this last-mentioned point, the line of 
demarcation shall follow the summit of 
the mountains situated parallel to the 
coast as far as the point of intersection 
of the 141st degree of west longitude, 
(of the same meridian;) and finally, from 
the said point of intersection, the said 
meridian line of the 141st. degree, in its 
prolongation as far as the Frozen ocean. 

“IV. With reference to the line of 
demarcation laid down in the preceding 
article, it is understood— 

“1st. That the island called Prince 
of Wales Island shall belong wholly to 
Russia," (now, by this cession, to the 
United States.) 

“2d. That whenever the summit of 
the mountains which extend in a direc¬ 
tion parallel to the coast from the 56th 
degree of north latitude to the point of 
intersection of the 141st degree of west 
longitude shall prove to be at the dis¬ 
tance of more than ten marine leagues 
from the ocean, the limit between the 
British possessions and the line of coast 
which is to belong to Russia as above 
mentioned (that is to say, the limit to 
the possessions ceded by this convention) 
shall be formed by a line parallel to the 
winding of the coast, and which shall 
never exceed the distance of ten marine 
leagues therefrom.” 

The western limit within which the 
territories and dominion conveyed, are 
contained, passes through a point in 
Behring’s straits on the parallel of sixty- 
five degrees thirty minutes north lati¬ 
tude, at its intersection by the meridian 
which passes midway between the islands 
of Krusenstern, or Ignalook, and the 


“ A partir du point le plus meridiom 
de l’Ue dite Prince of Wales, lequel 
point se trouve sous la parall&le du 54“ e 
degr£ 40 minutes de latitude nord, et 
entre le 131 me et le 133 me degr6 de lon¬ 
gitude ouest (m6ridien de Greenwich), la 
dite ligne remontera, au Nord le long de 
la passe dite Portland Channel, jusqu’ 
au point de la terre ferme, oil elle atteint 
le 56 me degr6 de latitude nord; de ce 
dernier point la ligne de demarcation 
suivra la Crete des montagnes situ^es 
parallelement a la cote jusqu’au point 
d’intersection du 141 mc degre de longi¬ 
tude ouest (meuie meridien); et final- 
ment, du dit point d’intersection la meme 
ligne m6ridienne du HI” 6 degrd formera, 
dans son prolongement jusqu’a la mer 
Glaciale. la limite entre les possessions 
Russes et Britanniques sur le continent 
de PAm^rique nord-ouest. 

“ IV. II est entendu, par rapport a la 
ligne de demarcation ditermin^e dans 
Particle precedent: 

“ 1°. Que Pile dite Prince of Wales, 
appartiendra toute entiere a la Russie:” 
(mais des ce jour en vertu de cette ces¬ 
sion aux Etats-Unis.) 

“2°. Que partout oil la Crete des 
montagnes qui s’4tendentdans une direc¬ 
tion paralieie a la cote, depuis le 56 me 
degre de latitude nord au point d’inter¬ 
section du 141™ degre de longitude ouest 
se trouverait a la distance de plus de dix 
lieues marines de 1’ocean, la limite entre 
les possessions Britanniques et la lisiere 
de cote mentionnee ci-dessus comrne de- 
vant appartenir a la Russie” (c’est-si- 
dire la limite des possessions c6dees par 
cette convention:) “sera forraee par une 
ligne paralieie aux sinuosites de la cote 
et qui ne pourra jamais en etre eloign^e 
que de dix lieues marines.” 

La limite occidental des Territories 
cedes passe par un point au d^troit de 
Behring sous la paralieie du soixante 
cinquieme degre trente minutes de lati¬ 
tude Nord a son intersection par le me¬ 
ridien qui separe a distance £gale les iles 
Krusenstern ou Ignalook et Pile Ratman- 
off ou Noonarbook et remonte en ligne 




5 


island of Ratmanoff, or Noonarbook, and 
proceeds due north, without limitation, 
into the same Frozen ocean. The same 
western limit, beginning at the same 
initial point, proceeds thence in a course 
nearly southwest, through Behring’s 
straits and Behring’s sea, so as to pass 
midway between the northwest point of 
the island of St. Lawrence and the south¬ 
east. point of Cape Choukotski. to the 
meridian of one hundred and seventy- 
two west longitude; thence, from the 
intersection of that meridian, in a south¬ 
westerly direction, so as to pass midway 
between the island of Attou and • the 
Copper island of the Kormandorski 
couplet or group in the North Pacific 
ocean, to the meridian of one hundred 
and ninety-three degrees west longitude, 
so as to include in the territoi’y conveyed 
the whole of the Aleutian islands east 
of that meridian. 


Article II 

In the cession of territory and domin¬ 
ion made by the preceding article are 
included the right of property in all 
public lots and squares, vacant lands, 
and all public buildings, fortifications, 
barracks, and other edifices which are 
not private individual property. It is, 
however, understood and agreed, that 
the churches which have been built in 
the ceded territory by the Russian gov¬ 
ernment, shall remain the property of 
such members of the Greek Oriental 
Church resident in the territory, as may 
choose to worship therein. Any gov¬ 
ernment archiyes, papers, and docu¬ 
ments relative to the territory and 
dominion aforesaid, which may be now 
existing there, will be left in the pos¬ 
session of the agent of the United States; 
but an authenticated copy of such of 
them as may be required, will be, at all 
times, given by the United States to the 
Russian government, or to such Russian 
officers or subjects as they may apply for. 


directe, sans limitation, vers le Nord, 
jusqu a ce qu ’elle se perde dans la mer 
Glaciale. Commenpant au meme point 
de depart, cette limite occidentale suit 
de la un cours presque Sudouest, a trav- 
ers le d^troit de Behring et la mer de 
Behring, de maniere a passer a distance 
egale entre le point Nordouest de l’ile 
Saint Laurent et le point Sudest du cap 
Choukotski jusqu’ au m^ridien cent 
soixonte douzieme de longitude Ouest; 
de ce point, a partir de 1’intersection 
de ce m^ridien, cette limite suite une 
direction Sudouest de maniere a passer 
a distance egale entre l’ile d’Attou et 
l’ile Copper du groupe d’ilots Korman¬ 
dorski dans 1’ oc£an Pacifique Septen¬ 
trional jusqu’ au m^ridien de / centquatre- 
vingt-treize degres de longitude Ouest, 
de mani&re a enclaver, dans le Terri- 
toire c4d6, toutes les lies Al^outes situ^es 
a 1’ est de ce meridien. 


Article II. 

Dans le Territoire c4d6, par 1’article 
pr4c£dent, a la Souverainet^ des Etats- 
Unis, sont compris le droit de propri£t£ 
sur tous les terrains et places publics, 
terres inoccup6es, toutes les construc¬ 
tions publiques, fortifications, casernes 
et autres Edifices qui ne sont pas pro¬ 
pria priv6e individuelle. II est, toute- 
fois entendu et convenue que les eglises, 
construites par le Gouvernement Russe 
sur le Territoire c£d4, resteront la pro¬ 
pria des membres de l’Eglise Grecque 
Orientale r^sidant dans ce Territoire et 
appartenant a ce culte. Tous les ar¬ 
chives, papiers, et documents du Gouv¬ 
ernement, ayant trait au susdit Terri¬ 
toire, et qui y sont maintenant d^pos^s, 
seront places entre les mains de 1’agent 
des Etats-Unis; mais les Etats-Unis 
fourniront, toujours quand il y aura lieu, 
des copies 16galis6es de ces documents 
au Gouvernement Russe, aux officiers ou 
sujets Russes qui pourront en faire la 
demande. 


6 


Article III. 

The inhabitants of the ceded territory, 
according to their choice, reserving their 
natural allegiance, may return to Russia 
within three years; but if they should 
prefer to remain in the ceded territory, 
they, with the exception of uncivilized 
native tribes, shall be admitted to the 
enjoyment of all the rights, advantages 
and immunities of citizens of the United 
States, and shall be maintained and pro¬ 
tected in the free enjoyment of their 
liberty, property and religion. The un¬ 
civilized tribes will be subject to such 
laws and regulations as the United States 
may, from time to time, adopt in regard 
to aboriginal tribes of that country. 


Article IV. 

His Majesty the Emperor of all the 
Russias shall appoint, with convenient 
despatch, an agent or agents for the pur¬ 
pose of formally delivering to a similar 
agent or agents appointed on behalf of 
the United States, the territory, domin¬ 
ion, property, dependencies and appurt¬ 
enances which are ceded as above, and 
for doing any other act which may be 
necessary in regard thereto. But the 
cessioti. with the right of immediate 
possession, is nevertheless to be deemed 
complete and absolute on the exchange 
of ratifications, without waiting for such 
forihal delivery. 


Article V. 

Immediately after the exchange of the 
ratifications of this convention, any forti¬ 
fications or military posts which may be 
in the ceded territory shall be delivered 
to the agent of the United States, and 
any Russian troops which may be in the 
territory shall be withdrawn as soon as 
may be reasonably and conveniently 
practicable. 


Article III. 

II est r£s£rve aux habitans du Terri- 
toire c6d£ le choix de garder leur nation¬ 
ality et de rentrer en Russie dans 1’ es- 
pace de trois ans; mais s’ils pryferent 
rester dans le Territoire cydy, ils seront 
admis, a 1’exception toutefois des tribus 
sauvages, a jouir de tous les droits, 
avantages, et immunitys des citoyens des 
Etats-Unis, et ils seront maintenus et 
protygys dans le plein exercise de leur 
liberty, droit de propriyty, et religion. 
Les tribus sauvages seront assujyties aux 
lois et ryglements que les Etats-Unis 
pourront adopter, de temps en temps, a 
l’ygard des tribus aborigenes de ce pays. 


Article IV. 

Sa Majesty TEmpereur de toutes les 
Russies nommera, aussitot que possible, 
un agent ou des agents chargys de rem- 
ettre, formellement a 1’agent ou aux 
agents nommys par les Etats-Unis, le 
Territoire, la souverainety, les propriy* 
tys, dypendances et appartenances ainsi 
cydys et de dresser tout autre acte ’qui 
sera nycessaire a l’accomplissement de 
cette transaction. Mais la cession, avec 
le droit de possession immydiate, doit 
toutefois etre considyrye complete et ab- 
solue a l’ychange des ratifications, - sans 
attendre la remise formelle. 


Article V. 

Immydiatement aprys l’ychange des 
ratifications de cette convention, les for¬ 
tifications et les postes militaires qui se 
trouveront sur le Territoire cydy seront 
remis a 1’agent des Etats-Unis, et les 
troupes Russes qui sont stationnyes dans 
le dit Territoire seront retires dans un 
terme praticable et qui puisse convenir 
aux deux parties. 


7 


/ . / 


Article VI. 

In consideration of the cession afore¬ 
said, the United States agree to pay at 
the treasury in Washington, within ten 
months after the exchange of the ratifi¬ 
cations of this convention, to the diplo¬ 
matic representative or other agent of 
his Majesty the Emperor of all the Rus- 
sias, duly authorized to receive the same, 
seven million two hundred thousand dol¬ 
lars in gold. The cession of territory 
and dominion herein made is hereby de¬ 
clared to be free and unincumbered by 
any reservations, privileges, franchises, 
grants, or possessions, by any associated 
companies, whether corporate or incor¬ 
porate, Russian or any other, or by any 
parties, except merely private individual 
property holders; and the cession here¬ 
by made, conveys all the rights, fran¬ 
chises, and privileges now belonging to 
Russia in the said territory or dominion, 
and appurtenances thereto. 


Article VII. 

When this convention shall have been 
duly ratified by the President of the 
United States, by and with the advice 
and consent of the Senate, on the one 
part, and on the other by his Majesty 
the Emperor of all the Russias, the rat¬ 
ifications shall be exchanged at Wash¬ 
ington within three months from the 
date hereof, or sooner, if possible. 

In faith whereof, the respective pleni¬ 
potentiaries have signed this conven¬ 
tion, and thereto affixed the seals of their 
arms. 

Done at Washington, the thirtieth day 
of March, in the year of our Lord one 
thousand eight hundred and sixtv-seven. 
Tl. s.j WILLIAM H. SEWARD. 

[l. s.] EDOUARD DE STOECKL. 


Article VI. 

En consideration de la susdite cession, 
les Etats-Unis s’engagent a payer a la 
Tresorerie a Washington dans le terme 
de dix mois, apr&s Pechange des ratifi¬ 
cations de cette convention, sept mil¬ 
lions deux cent mille de dollars en or, au 
R4presentant diplomatique ou tout autre 
agent de Sa Majeste PEmpereur de 
toutes les Russies dument autorise a re- 
cevoir cette somme. La cession du Ter- 
ritoire avec droit de souverainete faite 
par cette convention, est declare libre 
et degagee de toutes reservations, privi¬ 
leges, franchises, ou possessions par des 
compagnies Russes ou tout autre, legale- 
ment constituees ou autrement, ou par 
des associations, sauf simplement les 
proprietaires possedant des biens prives 
individuelset la cession ainsi faite trans- 
fere tous les droits, franchises et privi¬ 
leges appartenant actuellement a la Rus- 
sie dans le dit Territoire et ses depen- 
dances. 

Article VII. 

Lorsque cette convention aura ete du¬ 
ment ratifiee parSa Majeste PEmpereur 
de toutes les Russies d' une part, et par 
le President des Etats-Unis avec Pavis 
et le consentement du Seoat, de Pautre, 
les ratifications en seront echangees a 
Washington dans le terme de trois mois, 
a compter du jour de la signature, ou 
plus tot si faire se peut. 

En foi de quoi les pienipotentiares 
respectifs ont signe cette convention et 
y ont appose le sceau de leur armes. 

Fait a Washington le 18-30 jour de 
Mars de Pan de Notre Seigneur mil huit 
cent soixante sept. 

[l s.] EDOUARD DE STOECKL. 
[l. s.J WILLIAM H. SEWARD. 


8 


■s 

V 


r 


And whereas the said Treaty has been duly ratified on both parts, and the 
respective ratifications of the same were exchanged at Washington on this twen¬ 
tieth day of June, by William H. Seward, Secretary of State of the United States, 
and the Privy Counsellor Edward de Stoeckl, the Envoy Extraordinary of His 
Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, on the part of their respective govern¬ 
ments, 

Now, therefore, be it known that I, Andrew Johnson, President of the 
United States of America, have caused the said Treaty to be made public, to 
the end that the same and every clause and article thereof may be observed 
and fulfilled with good faith by the United States and the citizens thereof. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the 
United States to be affixed. 

Done at the city of Washington, this twentieth day of June, in the year of 
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, and of the 
[L. s.J j n( j e p en( j ence 0 f the United States the ninety-first. 

ANDREW JOHNSON. 

By the President: 

William H. Seward, 

Secretary of State . 












Three hundred copies printed for Frederick W. Beinecke 
at the Carl Purington Rollins Printing-Office of the Yale University Press. 
Christmas 1967 

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